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redis实现分布式锁实例详解

作者:用户投稿2026-01-11 07:19:56
目录
  • 1、业务场景引入
  • 2、基础环境准备
    • 2.1.准备库存数据库
    • 2.2.创建SpringBoot工程,pom.xml中导入依赖,请注意版本。
    • 2.3.application.properties配置文件
    • 2.4.SpringBoot启动类
    • 2.5.添加Redis的配置类
    • 2.6.pojo层
    • 2.7.mapper层
    • 2.8.SpringBoot监听Web启动事件,加载商品数据到Redis中
  • 3、Redis实现分布式锁
    • 3.1 分布式锁的实现类
    • 3.2 分布式锁的业务代码
  • 4、分布式锁测试
    • 总结

      1、业务场景引入

      模拟一个电商系统,服务器分布式部署,系统中有一个用户下订单的接口,用户下订单之前需要获取分布式锁,然后去检查一下库存,确保库存足够了才会给用户下单,然后释放锁。

      由于系统有一定的并发,所以会预先将商品的库存保存在redis中,用户下单的时候会更新redis的库存。

      2、基础环境准备

      2.1.准备库存数据库

      -- ----------------------------
      -- Table structure for t_goods
      -- ----------------------------
      DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_goods`;
      CREATE TABLE `t_goods` (
        `goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
        `goods_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
        `goods_price` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
        `goods_stock` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
        `goods_img` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)
      ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
      -- ----------------------------
      -- Records of t_goods
      -- ----------------------------
      INSERT INTO `t_goods` VALUES ('1', 'iphone8', '6999.00', '5000', 'img/iphone.jpg');
      INSERT INTO `t_goods` VALUES ('2', '小米9', '3000.00', '5000', 'img/rongyao.jpg');
      INSERT INTO `t_goods` VALUES ('3', '华为p30', '4000.00', '5000', 'img/huawei.jpg');

      2.2.创建SpringBoot工程,pom.xml中导入依赖,请注意版本。

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
          <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
          <groupId>com.springlock.task</groupId>
          <artifactId>springlock.task</artifactId>
          <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
          <!--导入SpringBoot的父工程  把系统中的版本号做了一些定义! -->
          <parent>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
              <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
          </parent>
          <dependencies>
              <!--导入SpringBoot的Web场景启动器   Web相关的包导入!-->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!--导入MyBatis的场景启动器-->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                  <version>2.0.0</version>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                  <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                  <version>1.1.10</version>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                  <version>5.1.28</version>
              </dependency>
              <!--SpringBoot单元测试-->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                  <scope>test</scope>
              </dependency>
              <!--导入Lombok依赖-->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!--Spring Data Redis 的启动器 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
                  <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
                  <version>2.9.0</version>
              </dependency>
          </dependencies>
          <build>
              <!--编译的时候同时也把包下面的xml同时编译进去-->
              <resources>
                  <resource>
                      <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                      <includes>
                          <include>**/*.xml</include>
                      </includes>
                  </resource>
              </resources>
          </build>
      </project>

      2.3.application.properties配置文件

      # SpringBoot有默认的配置,我们可以覆盖默认的配置
      server.port=8888
      # 配置数据的连接信息
      spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/redislock?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
      spring.datasource.username=root
      spring.datasource.password=root
      spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
      # reids配置
      spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-idle=10
      spring.redis.jedis.pool.min-idle=5
      spring.redis.jedis.pool.maxTotal=15
      spring.redis.hostName=192.168.3.28
      spring.redis.port=6379

      2.4.SpringBoot启动类

      /**
       * @author swadian
       * @date 2025/3/4
       * @Version 1.0
       * @describetion
       */
      @SpringBootApplication
      public class SpringLockApplicationApp {
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              SpringApplication.run(SpringLockApplicationApp.class,args);
          }
      }

      2.5.添加Redis的配置类

      import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
      import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
      import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
      import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
      import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
      import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
      import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
      import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;
      import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
      import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
      import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
      import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;
      @Slf4j
      @Configuration
      public class RedisConfig {
          /**
           * 1.创建JedisPoolConfig对象。在该对象中完成一些链接池配置
           * @ConfigurationProperties:会将前缀相同的内容创建一个实体。
           */
          @Bean
          @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.redis.jedis.pool")
          public JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig(){
              JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig();
              log.info("JedisPool默认参数-最大空闲数:{},最小空闲数:{},最大链接数:{}",config.getMaxIdle(),config.getMinIdle(),config.getMaxTotal());
              return config;
          }
          /**
           * 2.创建JedisConnectionFactory:配置redis链接信息
           */
          @Bean
          @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.redis")
          public JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory(JedisPoolConfig config){
              log.info("redis初始化配置-最大空闲数:{},最小空闲数:{},最大链接数:{}",config.getMaxIdle(),config.getMinIdle(),config.getMaxTotal());
              JedisConnectionFactory factory = new JedisConnectionFactory();
              //关联链接池的配置对象
              factory.setPoolConfig(config);
              return factory;
          }
          /**
           * 3.创建RedisTemplate:用于执行Redis操作的方法
           */
          @Bean
          public RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate(JedisConnectionFactory factory){
              RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
              //关联
              template.setConnectionFactory(factory);
              //使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer来序列化和反序列化redis的value值(默认使用JDK的序列化方式)
              Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jacksonSeial = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
              ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
              //指定要序列化的域,field,get和set,以及修饰符范围,ANY是都有包括private和public
              om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
              //指定序列化输入的类型,类必须是非final修饰的,final修饰的类,比如String,Integer等会跑出异常
              om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
              jacksonSeial.setObjectMapper(om);
              //使用StringRedisSerializer来序列化和反序列化redis的key值
              template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
              //值采用json序列化
              template.setValueSerializer(jacksonSeial);
              //设置hash key 和value序列化模式
              template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
              template.setHashValueSerializer(jacksonSeial);
              return template;
          }
      }

      2.6.pojo层

      import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
      import lombok.Data;
      import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
      @Data
      @NoArgsConstructor
      @AllArgsConstructor
      public class Goods {
          private String goods_id;
          private String goods_name;
          private Double  goods_price;
          private Long goods_stock;
          private String goods_img;
      }

      2.7.mapper层

      import com.springlock.pojo.Goods;
      import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
      import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
      import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update;
      import java.util.List;
      @Mapper
      public interface GoodsMapper {
          /**
           * 01-更新商品库存
           * @param goods
           * @return
           */
          @Update("update t_goods set goods_stock=#{goods_stock} where goods_id=#{goods_id}")
          Integer updateGoodsStock(Goods goods);
          /**
           * 02-加载商品信息
           * @return
           */
          @Select("select * from t_goods")
          List<Goods> findGoods();
          /**
           * 03-根据ID查询
           * @param goodsId
           * @return
           */
          @Select("select * from t_goods where goods_id=#{goods_id}")
          Goods findGoodsById(String goodsId);
      }

      2.8.SpringBoot监听Web启动事件,加载商品数据到Redis中

      import com.springlock.mapper.GoodsMapper;
      import com.springlock.pojo.Goods;
      import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
      import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
      import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
      import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
      import org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent;
      import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
      import javax.annotation.Resource;
      import java.util.List;
      /**
       * @author swadian
       * @date 2025/3/4
       * @Version 1.0
       * @describetion ApplicationListener监听器,项目启动时出发
       */
      @Slf4j
      @Configuration
      public class ApplicationStartListener implements ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent> {
          @Resource
          GoodsMapper goodsMapper;
          @Autowired
          private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
          @Override
          public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) {
              System.out.println("Web项目启动,ApplicationListener监听器触发...");
              List<Goods> goodsList = goodsMapper.findGoods();
              for (Goods goods : goodsList) {
                  redisTemplate.boundHashOps("goods_info").put(goods.getGoods_id(), goods.getGoods_stock());
                  log.info("缓存商品详情:{}",goods);
              }
          }
      }

      3、Redis实现分布式锁

      3.1 分布式锁的实现类

      import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
      import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
      import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;
      import redis.clients.jedis.Transaction;
      import redis.clients.jedis.exceptions.JedisException;
      import java.util.List;
      import java.util.UUID;
      public class DistributedLock {
          //redis连接池
          private static JedisPool jedisPool;
          static {
              JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig();
              // 设置最大连接数
              config.setMaxTotal(200);
              // 设置最大空闲数
              config.setMaxIdle(8);
              // 设置最大等待时间
              config.setMaxWaitMillis(1000 * 100);
              // 在borrow一个jedis实例时,是否需要验证,若为true,则所有jedis实例均是可用的
              config.setTestOnBorrow(true);
              jedisPool = new JedisPool(config, "192.168.3.28", 6379, 3000);
          }
          /**
           * 加锁
           * @param lockName       锁的key
           * @param acquireTimeout 获取锁的超时时间
           * @param timeout        锁的超时时间
           * @return 锁标识
           * Redis Setnx(SET if Not eXists) 命令在指定的 key 不存在时,为 key 设置指定的值。
           * 设置成功,返回 1 。 设置失败,返回 0 。
           */
          public String lockWithTimeout(String lockName, long acquireTimeout, long timeout) {
              Jedis conn = null;
              String retIdentifier = null;
              try {
                  // 获取连接
                  conn = jedisPool.getResource();
                  // value值->随机生成一个String
                  String identifier = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
                  // key值->即锁名
                  String lockKey = "lock:" + lockName;
                  // 超时时间->上锁后超过此时间则自动释放锁 毫秒转成->秒
                  int lockExpire = (int) (timeout / 1000);
                  // 获取锁的超时时间->超过这个时间则放弃获取锁
                  long end = System.currentTimeMillis() + acquireTimeout;
                  while (System.currentTimeMillis() < end) { //在获取锁时间内
                      if (conn.setnx(lockKey, identifier) == 1) {//设置锁成功
                          conn.expire(lockKey, lockExpire);
                          // 返回value值,用于释放锁时间确认
                          retIdentifier = identifier;
                          return retIdentifier;
                      }
                      // ttl以秒为单位返回 key 的剩余过期时间,返回-1代表key没有设置超时时间,为key设置一个超时时间
                      if (conn.ttl(lockKey) == -1) {
                          conn.expire(lockKey, lockExpire);
                      }
                      try {
                          Thread.sleep(10);
                      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                          Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                      }
                  }
              } catch (JedisException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              } finally {
                  if (conn != null) {
                      conn.close();
                  }
              }
              return retIdentifier;
          }
          /**
           * 释放锁
           * @param lockName   锁的key
           * @param identifier 释放锁的标识
           * @return
           */
          public boolean releaseLock(String lockName, String identifier) {
              Jedis conn = null;
              String lockKey = "lock:" + lockName;
              boolean retFlag = false;
              try {
                  conn = jedisPool.getResource();
                  while (true) {
                      // 监视lock,准备开始redis事务
                      conn.watch(lockKey);
                      // 通过前面返回的value值判断是不是该锁,若是该锁,则删除,释放锁
                      if (identifier.equals(conn.get(lockKey))) {
                          Transaction transaction = conn.multi();//开启redis事务
                          transaction.del(lockKey);
                          List<Object> results = transaction.exec();//提交redis事务
                          if (results == null) {//提交失败
                              continue;//继续循环
                          }
                          retFlag = true;//提交成功
                      }
                      conn.unwatch();//解除监控
                      break;
                  }
              } catch (JedisException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              } finally {
                  if (conn != null) {
                      conn.close();
                  }
              }
              return retFlag;
          }
      }

      3.2 分布式锁的业务代码

      service业务逻辑层

      public interface SkillService {
          Integer seckill(String goodsId,Long goodsStock);
      }

      service业务逻辑层实现层

      import com.springlock.lock.DistributedLock;
      import com.springlock.mapper.GoodsMapper;
      import com.springlock.pojo.Goods;
      import com.springlock.service.SkillService;
      import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
      import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
      import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
      import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
      import javax.annotation.Resource;
      @Slf4j
      @Service
      public class SkillServiceImpl implements SkillService {
          private final DistributedLock lock = new DistributedLock();
          private final static String LOCK_NAME = "goods_stock_resource";
          @Resource
          GoodsMapper goodsMapper;
          @Autowired
          private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
          @Override
          public Integer seckill(String goodsId, Long goodsQuantity) {
              // 加锁,返回锁的value值,供释放锁时候进行判断
              String identifier = lock.lockWithTimeout(LOCK_NAME, 5000, 1000);
              Integer goods_stock = (Integer) redisTemplate.boundHashOps("goods_info").get(goodsId);
              if (goods_stock > 0 && goods_stock >= goodsQuantity) {
                  //1.查询数据库对象
                  Goods goods = goodsMapper.findGoodsById(goodsId);
                  //2.更新数据库中库存数量
                  goods.setGoods_stock(goods.getGoods_stock() - goodsQuantity);
                  goodsMapper.updateGoodsStock(goods);
                  //3.同步Redis中商品库存
                  redisTemplate.boundHashOps("goods_info").put(goods.getGoods_id(), goods.getGoods_stock());
                  log.info("商品Id:{},在Redis中剩余库存数量:{}", goodsId, goods.getGoods_stock());
                  //释放锁
                  lock.releaseLock(LOCK_NAME, identifier);
                  return 1;
              } else {
                  log.info("商品Id:{},库存不足!,库存数:{},购买量:{}", goodsId, goods_stock, goodsQuantity);
                  //释放锁
                  lock.releaseLock(LOCK_NAME, identifier);
                  return -1;
              }
          }
      }

      controller层

      import com.springlock.service.SkillService;
      import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
      import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
      import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
      import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
      @RestController
      @Scope("prototype") //prototype 多实例,singleton单实例
      public class SkillController {
          @Autowired
          SkillService skillService;
          @RequestMapping("/skill")
          public String skill() {
              Integer count = skillService.seckill("1", 1L);
              return count > 0 ? "下单成功" + count : "下单失败" + count;
          }
      }

      4、分布式锁测试

      把SpringBoot工程启动两台服务器,端口分别为8888、9999。启动8888端口后,修改配置文件端口为9999,启动另一个应用

      然后使用jmeter进行并发测试,开两个线程组,分别代表两台服务器下单,1秒钟起20个线程,循环25次,总共下单1000次。

      查看控制台输出:

      注意:该锁在并发量太高的情况下,会出现一部分失败率。手动写的程序,因为操作的非原子性,会存在并发问题。该锁的实现只是为了演示原理,并不适用于生产。

       jmeter聚合报告

      总结

      本篇文章就到这里了,希望能够给你带来帮助,也希望您能够多多关注的更多内容!